He mata whakamaroke ngāwari te papanga whakamaroke porowhita i hangaia kite polyester (PET) monofilamente whakamahia ana i te wāhanga whakamaroke o ngā mīhini pepa anake. He rerekē ki te hanganga whatu o ngā papanga whakamaroke whatu-papatahi, he mea hanga mā te takai porowhita i ngā monofilaments me te hono atu me te kore he miro whatu. Koinei te whiringa matua mō te hanga tere-teitei o te pepa kounga teitei. Ka hoatu e tēnei tuhinga he tātaritanga tika mai i ngā āhuatanga matua, te hanganga, te mahi, me ngā tono.

1. Te Whakamāramatanga Matua me ngā Āhuatanga Rauemi

Ka whakamahia anake te whakamaroke papanga porowhitate polyester matotoru teitei (PET) monofilament(kāore he miro papatahi). Ka takai ngā taputapu motuhake i ngā monofilaments ki roto i ngā koropiko porowhita tonu, kātahi ka rakahia e ngā koropiko tata me te waea tuitui (waea hononga) hei hanga i tētahi whitiki mutunga kore. Ko ētahi putanga teitei e whakamahi anamonofilament polyester pumau waihei ātete i te pāmahana tiketike me te makuku tiketike o te wāhanga whakamaroke.

Ngā painga matua o ngā rauemi: te pāmahana whakahaere 120–190 °C, te ātete ki te waikawa me te kawakore, te ārai i te koroheketanga, te roa iti, ngā āhua pumau i te wā e whakamahia ana mō te wā roa.

2. Hanganga Matua me te Whakarōpūtanga

Ko te papanga whakamaroke porowhita te nuinga o te mea hemiro porowhita(te tinana matua, e whakatau ana i te pūaha me te uruhanga o te hau) mengā waea tuitui/hononga(te hononga, e whakatau ana i te kaha me te ngāwari). Kāore he hanganga paparanga, ā, kua whakarōpūtia penei:

1. Mā te whakawhiti-wāhanga o te miro porowhita
   • Kakahu porowhita miro porowhita: whānui te whakamahinga, ōrite te uruhanga hau, ātete kakahu ngawari.
   • Kakahu porowhita miro āhua (hei tauira, porowhita): he iti ake te wāhi e pā ana ki te pepa, he māmā ake ngā tohu, he pai mō te pepa ahurea kounga teitei, te pepa pania.
2. Mā te momo waea tuitui
   • Waea tuitui kotahi: momo paerewa, ngāwari pai, iti te hiahia ki te kume, he pai mō te tere waenga-teitei.
   • Waea tuitui takirua: momo whakapakaritia, kaha ake, iti ake te āhua o te nekehanga, he pai mō te tere tino tiketike (>1200 m/min).
3. Mā te momo honongaKāore he hononga miihini tuku iho; he whakamahinga katoahononga porowhita porowhita(maeneene, kore-taahiraa), whitiki mutunga kore i hangaia kia rite ki te whakaritenga mō te tāutanga tika.
4. Mā te uruhanga o te hau
   • Iti: <300 m³/(m²·h) mō te pepa angiangi i te pāmahana whakamaroke iti.
   • Waenga: 300–800 m³/(m²·h) mō te whakamahinga whānui.
   • Teitei: >800 m³/(m²·h) mō te whakamaroke tere i ngā tukutuku makuku-nui.

3. Ngā Painga Matua (vs. Kakahu Whakamaroke Whatu Papatahi)

1. He tino ngāwari, he maeneene hoki te omaKi te kore he miro whatu, ka taea e te papanga te piko noa. Kāore he āputa, kāore he hikoinga o te hononga, he iti te wiri me te haruru ahakoa te tere teitei (>800 m/min), ā, ka kore e rakuraku, e tohu matotoru hoki i te mata.
2. Te uruhanga hau tino whakariteKa taea te whakahaere tika i te uruhanga o te hau mā te whakarerekē i te whānui o te miro me te teitei porowhita, mai i te 100 ki te 1500 m³/(m²·h), e taea ai te urutau ki ngā momo tukanga whakamaroke.
3. He pai ake te kounga o te mata o te pepaKāore he pūwāhi e honoa ana; he rārangi te pa atu ki te rau, kaua ki te pūwāhi. I te whakakotahitanga me ngā miro āhua,ngā tohu mata me ngā kōhaoka whakaitihia, he mea tino pai mō te pepa ahurea kounga teitei, te pepa pania, me ētahi atu.
4. He ngāwari te whakatika ā-rohe, he iti te ngarongaMā te hanganga porowhita honohono ka taea te whakakapi wāhanga o ngā miro whati, o ngā waea tuitui rānei, me te kore e whakakapi i te papanga katoa, ka whakaiti i te utu tiaki.
5. Ka taea te urutau ki ngā whakamaroke motuhakeKa uru te hanganga ngāwaringā whakamaroke piko, ngā whakamaroke mānu haume ētahi atu taputapu whakamaroke kāore i te paerewa, kāore e taea e ngā papanga whatu papatahi te taurite nā te pakari.

4. Ngā Here Matua

1. He iti te pakari, he ngāwari ki te rere atu i te pokapū, ki te miro rāneiKi te kore he here miro, he iti ake te pumau o ngā āhuatanga i ngā papanga whatu papatahi. Me tino tika te mahi.te whakahaere i te kume, ngā rōra arataki me ngā pūnaha arataki tukutukuki te kore, ka ngawari te kopikopiko, te kita, te piko rānei.
2. Te utu hoko me te utu tiaki teitei akeKa hua ake te uaua o te hanga me te nui haere o ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana30%–50% te utu teitei akei ngā papanga whatu papatahi he rite te uruhanga. Me horoi tonu hoki.
3. He iti ake te ātete kakahuKi te kore he pūwāhi tautoko e whirinaki ana, ka tere ake te pakaru o te kiri i ngā taiao maroke kua poke, kua tauine rānei.
4. Whānuitanga tono whaitiKāore e pai mō ngā papa pepa taumaha (hei tauira, pepa kōpikopiko, papa raina, he taumaha turanga >200 karamu), nā te mea ka rerekē te ahua o te papanga i raro i te kawenga taumaha. Mō ngā pepa angiangi me ngā pepa motuhake anake.
5. Te whakahaere i te kukū pakariMe pūmau, me ōrite hoki te kumekume; ka whati ngā waea tuitui i te kumekume nui rawa; ka piko te waea nā te kore kumekume rawa.

5. Ngā Tohu Mahi Matua

1. Te uruhanga o te hau: taupū matua, m³/(m²·h).
2. Te whānui o te waea porowhita me te tuitui: e whakatau ana i te kaha me te ātete ki te kakahu.
3. Te kaha pakaru: te whenu (porowhita) me te whatu (waea tuitui), N/5 cm.
4. Te roa i te wā whati: ≤3% te mea e pai ake ana.
5. Papatahi: ≤0.5 mm/m mō te whakamaroke ōrite.

6. Ngā Whakamahinga Noa

He mea hanga te papanga whakamaroke porowhita mōpepa angiangi tere-waenga-tiketike ki te tere-tino-tiketike me te pepa motuhake:

1. He pepa ahurea kounga teiteipepa whakawhiti, pepa tuhituhi, pepa tārua (800–1200 m/min, me whiwhi māka iti).
2. Pepa angiangi motuhakepepa pania, pepa pania māmā, pepa hikareti, pepa haumaru.
3. Pepa tauera: pepa wharepaku, tauera kanohi i runga i ngā rārangi tere-rahi me ngā whakamaroke piko.
4. Ngā mea kore-whatu: miro miro kounga teitei, miro kore-whatu.

Kāore i te tūtohutia: papa pepa taumaha, papa kōpikopiko, hanga pepa taumaha tere-iti.

7. Ngā Aratohu Kōwhiringa me te Whakahaere

(1) Ngā Mātāpono Kōwhiri e Toru

1. Mā te tere: <800 m/min → whiriwhiria he papanga whatu papatahi (he utu iti). ≥800 m/min → papanga whakamaroke porowhita.
   

   1200 m/min → waea tuitui takirua + polyester pumau wai.

2. Mā te momo pepaPepa angiangi (<70 g), pepa kounga teitei → papanga porowhita. Pepa taumaha (>200 g) → kāore e tika. Mō ngā māka tino iti →papanga porowhita miro āhua (porowhita).
3. Mā ngā taputapuE tika ana mō ngā mīhini anake he pūmau te kume me te pūnaha arataki tukutuku, ā, he ma ngā wāhanga whakamaroke.

(2) Ngā Kī Tiaki e Whā

1. Whakahaere i te taumahatanga: kia mau tonu te kukū pumau, ōrite hoki.
2. Te horoi: te horoi me te tango i te unahi i te pēhanga teitei auau.
3. Pūnaha ārahi: kia pumau te arataki me ngā rārangi arataki tukutuku.
4. Te Tiakitanga: karohia ngā mea koi kei kino te mata.

8. Whakataurite Tere: Kakahu Whakamaroke Porowhita me te Kakahu Whakamaroke Whatu Papatahi

9. Whakarāpopototanga

He papanga whakamaroke porowhitataonga whakapau kua whakaritea mō te kounga teiteimō te whakamaroke pepa, me ngā uara matua ote oma tere maeneenemekounga teitei o te mata o te pepaHeoi, he nui ake ngā whakaritenga mō ngā taputapu, te utu me te tiaki, ā, ehara i te mea whānui.

Koinei anake te kōwhiringa tino pai ina:

• tere mīhini ≥800 m/min,
• te whakaputa pepa angiangi kounga teitei, pepa motuhake rānei,
• he pūnaha kume pumau me te arataki tukutuku kei roto. Ki te kore, he pai ake te mahi me te utu iti o te papanga whatu papatahi.