Ngā Rauemi Mata Noa i roto i te Hanga Pepa: He Aratohu Whānui

He umanga tawhito te hanga pepa e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā momo rauemi mata hei whakaputa i ngā hua pepa e whakamahia ana e tātou i ia rā. Mai i te rakau ki te pepa hangarua, he āhuatanga ahurei tō ia rauemi e pā ana ki te kounga me te mahi o te pepa whakamutunga. I roto i tēnei aratohu, ka tūhuratia e tātou ngā rauemi mata e tino kitea ana i roto i te hanga pepa, ō rātou āhuatanga muka, ngā hua penupenu, me ngā whakamahinga.

Rakau: Te Taonga Tuku Iho

Ko te rakau tētahi o ngā rauemi mata e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te hanga pepa, e rua ngā momo matua: te rakau ngohengohe me te rakau mārō.

Rākau Ngāwari

• Te roa o te mukaKo te whānui i waenga i te 2.5 ki te 4.5 mm.
• Hua o te PūmuaI waenganui i te 45% me te 55%.
• Ngā ĀhuatangaHe roa, he ngāwari hoki ngā muka o te rakau ngohengohe, he mea pai mō te hanga pepa kaha. Nā te kaha ki te hanga hononga kaha, ka hua ake he pepa pakari me te kaha kume. Nā tēnei ka waiho te rakau ngohengohe hei rauemi mata kounga teitei mō te hanga pepa tuhituhi, pepa tā, me ngā rauemi takai kaha.

Rākau mārō

• Te roa o te mukaTata ki te 1.0 ki te 1.7 mm.
• Hua o te PūmuaI te nuinga o te wā 40% ki te 50%.
• Ngā ĀhuatangaHe poto ake ngā muka rakau mārō i te rakau ngohengohe. Ahakoa he iti ake te kaha o te pepa e whakaputaina ana, he maha ngā wā ka konatunatua ki te penupenu rakau ngohengohe hei hanga pepa tā me te pepa kiko, he iti te kounga.

Ngā Rauemi Ahuwhenua me ngā Rauemi Tipu

Haunga te rakau, he maha ngā hua ahuwhenua me ngā tipu he mea nui ki te hanga pepa, ā, he pai ake te pumau me te whai hua.

Kakariki me ngā Kākano Wiiti

• Te roa o te mukaTata ki te 1.0 ki te 2.0 mm.
• Hua o te Pūmua: 30% ki te 40%.
• Ngā ĀhuatangaHe whānuitia te wātea o ēnei rauemi mata, ā, he iti hoki te utu. Ahakoa kāore i te tino teitei te hua o te penupenu, he pai mō te hanga pepa ahurea me te pepa takai.

Pāmu

• Te roa o te mukaKei waenga i te 1.5 ki te 3.5 mm.
• Hua o te Pūmua: 40% ki te 50%.
• Ngā ĀhuatangaHe rite ngā āhuatanga o ngā muka o te pāmu ki te rakau, he kaha hoki. Heoi anō, he poto te huringa tipu o te pāmu, ā, he kaha hoki ki te whakahou, he mea nui hei whakakapi i te rakau. Ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga i ngā momo pepa, tae atu ki ngā pepa ahurea me ngā pepa takai.

Bagasse

• Te roa o te muka: 0.5 ki te 2.0 mm.
• Hua o te Pūmua: 35% ki te 55%.
• Ngā ĀhuatangaHe nui ngā rauemi o te bagasse hei para ahuwhenua. He rerekē te roa o ōna muka, engari i muri i te tukatuka, ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga pepa takai me te pepa tauera.

Pepa Para: He Kōwhiringa Tauwhiro

He mea nui te mahi a te pepa para i roto i te ōhanga porowhita o te umanga hanga pepa.

• Te roa o te muka0.7 mm ki te 2.5 mm. Hei tauira, he poto noa ngā muka o ngā pepa para tari, tata ki te 1 mm, engari he roa ake pea ngā muka o ētahi pepa para takai.
• Hua o te PūmuaKa rerekē i runga i te momo, te kounga, me te hangarau tukatuka o te pepa para, ko te nuinga mai i te 60% ki te 85%. Ka taea e ngā ipu tawhito kōpikopiko (OCC) te whakaputa penupenu tata ki te 75% ki te 85% i muri i te maimoatanga tika, ko te pepa para tari whakauru ia he 60% ki te 70% te whakaputa.
• Ngā ĀhuatangaHe pai te whakamahi i te pepa para hei rauemi mata mō te taiao, ā, he nui te hua penupenu. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te hanga pepa hangarua me te pepa kōpikopiko, e whai wāhi ana ki te tiaki rauemi me te whakaiti i te para.

Ngā Tuhipoka Tukatuka Matua

He mea nui kia mōhiotia he rerekē ngā tukanga hanga penupenu mō ngā rauemi mata rerekē.Me tunu te rakau, te pāpaka, te kakau witi, me ngā kākano witi.i te wā e whakapūpū ana. Ka whakamahia e tēnei tukanga ngā matū, te pāmahana me te pēhanga teitei rānei hei tango i ngā wāhanga kore-pūmua pērā i te lignin me te hemicellulose, kia mōhio ai kua wehea ngā muka, ā, kua rite mō te hanga pepa.

He rerekē, kāore e hiahiatia he tunu mō te whakamomona pepa para. Engari, me whakamahi ngā tukanga pēnei i te tango waituhi me te tātari hei tango i ngā poke me te whakarite i ngā muka mō te whakamahi anō.

He mea nui te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o ēnei rauemi mata mō ngā kaihanga pepa kia whiriwhiri ai i ngā rauemi tika mō ā rātou hua, kia taurite ai te kounga, te utu, me te pumau. Ahakoa te kaha o ngā muka rakau ngohengohe, te pai rānei o te pepa para ki te taiao, he mea motuhake te takoha a ia rauemi mata ki te ao kanorau o ngā hua pepa.